About the Stool Hanging Drop Test
The Stool Hanging Drop Test is a specialized microscopic examination used to detect motile microorganisms, such as bacteria, in a stool sample. It is primarily employed to diagnose bacterial infections of the digestive system, particularly cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, which exhibits a characteristic "darting" or "shooting star" motility. The test distinguishes true bacterial motility from Brownian motion (vibrational movement due to water molecules) by observing the movement of bacteria with flagella, structures that enable locomotion.
This test is crucial for identifying infections causing acute diarrhea, stomach cramps, or other gastrointestinal symptoms. It also helps detect bacteria like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and certain protozoa like Giardia. At Hindustan Laboratory, we provide accurate Stool Hanging Drop Testing to support rapid diagnosis and treatment of digestive infections.
Stool Hanging Drop Test at Hindustan Laboratory
The Stool Hanging Drop Test is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that examines a stool sample under a microscope to observe the motility of microorganisms. It is performed using a specialized "hanging drop" preparation to preserve bacterial movement, ensuring accurate identification of pathogens.
Why Get Tested?
You may need a Stool Hanging Drop Test if you experience:
- Acute watery diarrhea, especially resembling "rice water" stools.
- Stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, or fever.
- Suspected bacterial infections like cholera, dysentery, or enterocolitis.
- Recent exposure to contaminated water or food.
- Severe dehydration or bloody stools indicating a serious infection.
The test is critical for confirming infections like cholera, which requires immediate medical attention to prevent life-threatening dehydration. It also aids in monitoring treatment efficacy for bacterial infections.
Test Procedure
The Stool Hanging Drop Test involves the following steps:
- Sample Collection: You collect a stool sample (5–6 tablespoons of watery stool or 20–40 g of formed stool) in a clean, sterile, disinfectant-free container provided by the laboratory. The sample should be collected during the acute stage of diarrhea and avoid contamination with urine or dirt. Multiple samples may be required to rule out infection.
- Preparation: No fasting or special diet is needed unless advised by your doctor. Avoid medications like antibiotics, antacids, laxatives, or anti-protozoal drugs for 1–2 weeks before the test, as they may affect results. Label the sample with your name, age, gender, and collection date, and deliver it to the laboratory within 30 minutes, as motile bacteria are heat-sensitive.
- Testing Method: A small amount of stool is mixed with water and placed on a coverslip, encircled with petroleum jelly to prevent evaporation. The coverslip is inverted over a depression slide, creating a "hanging drop." The sample is examined under a microscope at 400x magnification to observe bacterial motility patterns (e.g., darting, tumbling, or falling leaf). The test distinguishes true motility from Brownian motion or passive drifting.
The test is non-invasive and carries no risks beyond minor discomfort during sample collection. Results are typically available within 6–46 hours, depending on laboratory processing.
Test Results
Stool Hanging Drop Test results are interpreted as follows:
- Negative: No motile microorganisms detected, indicating no infection with motile bacteria like Vibrio cholerae. Brownian motion or no movement is observed.
- Positive: Motile microorganisms with distinct patterns (e.g., darting motility for Vibrio cholerae) are detected, suggesting a bacterial infection. A positive result, especially for cholera, requires immediate consultation with a doctor.
The test has a sensitivity of approximately 85.8% and specificity of 81.7% for cholera diagnosis. Abnormal results may prompt additional tests (e.g., stool culture, PCR) to confirm the pathogen. Always consult your doctor to interpret results in the context of symptoms and medical history.
Why Choose Hindustan Laboratory?
We offer:
- Accuracy: Advanced microscopic techniques and trained technicians ensure precise identification of motile pathogens.
- Reliability: Strict quality control and rapid sample processing to preserve bacterial motility.
- Convenience: Clear instructions for at-home sample collection, with testing at our Thalarka, Hanumangarh facility.
- Comprehensive Care: Option to combine with other stool tests (e.g., stool culture, Stool pH) for a complete infection assessment.
Contact us to schedule your Stool Hanging Drop Test or explore our full range of diagnostic services.